Reconstructing sedimentary processes in a Permian channel–lobe transition zone: an outcrop study in the Karoo Basin, South Africa

Abstract Turbidity currents commonly bypass sediment in submarine channels on the continental slope, and deposit lobes farther down-dip flat unconfined abyssal plain. Seafloor outcrop data have shown that transition from to deposition usually occurs over complex zones referred as channel–lobe (CLTZs). Recognition of these cores remains challenging due a lack characteristic sedimentary facies structures. This paper focuses Unit E Permian Fort Brown Formation Karoo Basin, South Africa, Slagtersfontein complex, which has previously been interpreted CLTZ. study integrates thin-section micrographs, facies, bed-set stratigraphic architecture, palaeoflow directions achieve multiscale analysis CLTZ features. A novel process-based scheme is developed evaluate deposits terms depositional or erosional tendencies flows formed them. allows be distinguished by spatial distribution certain facies. Areas net were predominantly marked erosive larger variability direction while areas showed lower directions. Metre-scale structures bypass-dominated area reveal seafloor erosion scour formation. Field relations suggest presence ?500 m long mega-scour The documented here are applicable for identifying CLTZs sparse datasets such outcrops with limited palaeogeographical context obtained subsurface systems.